Sefaria Kitzur Shulchan Arukh 22, trans. Rabbi Avrohom Davis, Metsudah Pub., 1996

 Sefaria Kitzur Shulchan Arukh 22, trans. Rabbi Avrohom Davis, Metsudah Pub., 1996

Kitzur Shulchan Arukh

Halakhah

Author:

Shlomo Ganzfried

The Kitzur Shulchan Arukh (“Abridged Shulchan Arukh”) is a simplified summary of the Shulchan Arukh, focusing on Orach Chayim and Yoreh De’ah, the sections most relevant to ordinary daily life. The work presents laws without listing differing views or providing reasoning, interspersing ethical maxims throughout. Immensely popular for its simplicity and clarity, it functions as a handbook for daily life for many Ashkenazi Jews and has been translated into five languages. It is known for its strict rulings.

Composed: Uzhgorod (c.1844 - c.1864 CE)נוצר/נערך: אוז'הורוד (1844 - 1864 לספירה בקירוב)

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Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, trans. Rabbi Avrohom Davis, Metsudah Pub., 1996

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Siman 22

לְאַחַר הַשְּׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, אוֹמְרִים תַּחֲנוּן בִּנְפִילַת אַפַּיִם, וְאֵין לְדַבֵּר שִׂיחַת חֻלִּין, בֵּין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה לְתַחֲנוּן.

Preface
Concerning his many prayers, Moses said of himself: 1) וָאֵשֶׁב בָּהָר אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם—"I sat on the mountain for forty days…" (Deut. 9: 9), 2) וְאָנֹכִי עָמַדְתִּי בָּהָר — "I stood on the mountain …" (Ibid. 10: 10), 3) וָאֶתְנַפַּל לִפְנֵי ה׳ —"I prostrated myself before Adonoy." Jews, symbolically, also assume these three positions during prayer by: 1) sitting before the Amidah (Shemoneh Esrei), 2) standing during the Amidah and 3) נְפִילַת אַפַּיִם (lit. falling on the face) after the Amidah. This is called tachanun (Supplication). (Based on Tur 131).Originally nefilas apayim was performed by entirely prostrating one's body upon the ground while praying and pleading for one's needs. However, with the destruction of the Temple this practice was discouraged. Also, the Talmud (Megillah 22a) states that only a righteous person comparable to Joshua, who is assured of a response to a prayer in this manner, may assume this position in prayer.Therefore, the custom has become to perform nefilas apayim only perfunctorily by sitting and tilting one's head downward (Aruch Hashulchan 131: 4).
Upon completing the shemoneh esrei, tachanun is said with nefilas apayim (falling on the face). Idle talk is prohibited between shemoneh esrei and tachanun.

בְּשַׁחֲרִית, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיֵּשׁ תְּפִלִּין בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ, נוֹטִין עַל צַד יָמִין, מִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹד הַתְּפִלִּין, וּבְמִנְחָה, נוֹטִין עַל צַד שְׂמֹאל.

During the shacharis [morning prayers] when tefillin are worn on the left hand, [tachanun is said] leaning on the right [hand] out of respect for the tefillin. But at the minchah prayers the leaning is on the left [hand].

נְפִילַת אַפַּיִם יֵשׁ לִהְיוֹת מְיֻשָּׁב, אַךְ בִּשְׁעַת הַדְּחַק יוּכַל לִהְיוֹת גַּם מְעֻמָּד. לְאַחַר תַּחֲנוּן אוֹמְרִים וַאֲנַחְנוּ לֹא נֵדַע, וְיֵשׁ לְאָמְרוֹ בִּישִׁיבָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ עוֹמְדִין וְאוֹמְרִים מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה וְכוּ'.

Nefilas apayim is preferably done while sitting. But, when necessary it may be done while standing. After tachanun Ve'ananchnu lo neida is said. It is preferable that it be said while sitting, afterwards you should stand [and continue] saying: mah na'aseh …

אֵין נְפִילַת אַפַּיִם כִּי אִם בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, אֲבָל בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין שָׁם סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם שְׁאָר סִפְרֵי קֹדֶשׁ, אֵין נוֹפְלִין עַל פְּנֵיהֶם, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִים אֵת הַמִּזְמוֹר בְּלִי נְפִילַת אַפַּיִם. וּכְשֶׁמִּתְפַּלְּלִים בְּעֶזְרַת בֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת, וּפֶתַח בֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת פָּתוּחַ, נֶחְשָׁב כְּאִלּוּ הָיָה שָׁם סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה.

Nefilas apayim is done only in a place where a Seifer Torah is present. Where there is no Seifer Torah, even though there are other sacred books there, nefilas apayim is not done but, instead, the psalm is said without nefilas apayim. When praying in the synagogue vestibule and the door to the synagogue is open, it is considered as if the Seifer Torah is there.

כְּשֶׁמִּתְפַּלְּלִין בְּבֵית אָבֵל, אוֹ בְּבֵית הַמֵּת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין שָׁם אָבֵל, אֵין אוֹמְרִים תַּחֲנוּן ז' יְמֵי אֲבֵלוּת אֲפִלּוּ בְּמִנְחָה שֶׁל יוֹם ז'. וְנוֹהֲגִין שֶׁגַּם בְּשׁוּבָם לְבֵיתָם אֵינָם אוֹמְרִים. וְאִם יֵשׁ אָבֵל בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, אֵין הַצִּבּוּר נִגְרָרִין אַחֲרָיו, וְאוֹמְרִים תַּחֲנוּן, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָאָבֵל אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר.

When praying in the house of a mourner or in the house of the deceased, even if there is no mourner present, tachanun is not said during the seven days of mourning, even at minchah of the seventh day. It is customary, that even if the mourners return home they do not say Tachanun. If a mourner is present in the synagogue [during prayers] the congregation is not drawn after him and they do say tachanun, whereas, the mourner, does not.

אֵין אוֹמְרִים תַּחֲנוּן בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם מִילָה, אוֹ שֶׁהַבַּעַל בְּרִית אוֹ הַסַּנְדָּק, אוֹ הַמּוֹהֵל מִתְפַּלְּלִים שָׁם, אַף שֶׁהַמִּילָה תְּהֵא בְּבַיִת אַחֵר. וְאִם מִתְפַּלְּלִין מִנְחָה, בְּבֵית הַתִּינוֹק קוֹדֵם סְעֻדַּת הַבְּרִית, אוֹ בְּאֶמְצַע הַסְּעֻדָּה, גַּם כֵּן אֵין אוֹמְרִים. אֲבָל אִם מִתְפַּלְּלִים לְאַחַר בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, אוֹמְרִים. אַךְ הַבַּעַל בְּרִית וְהַסַּנְדָּק וְהַמּוֹהֵל לֹא יֹאמְרוּ אַף לְאַחַר בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, מִשּׁוּם דְּיוֹם טוֹב שֶׁלָּהֶם הוּא.

Tachanun is omitted in a synagogue where a circumcision will take place, or if the father of the child to be circumcised, or the sandik who holds the child at the circumcision; or the mohel is praying there, even if the circumcision will take place at another location. If the minchah prayer is said, in the child's home, before the bris feast or during the feast [there,] too, [tachanun] is omitted. But, if [the mincha] prayer is said after birkas hamazon [tachanun] is said. However, the father of the child, the one holding the child and the mohel do not say [tachanun] even after birkas hamazon because it is their holiday

וְכֵן אֵין אוֹמְרִים, בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם חָתָן, כָּל שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי מִשְׁתֶּה שֶׁלּוֹ, אִם הֶחָתָן הוּא בָּחוּר אוֹ הַכַּלָּה בְּתוּלָה. אֲבָל אַלְמָן שֶׁנָּשָׂא אַלְמָנָה, אֵין לוֹ רַק שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים וְאַחַר כָּךְ אוֹמְרִים. וּבְיוֹם הַחֻפָּה בְּשַׁחֲרִית אוֹמְרִים, וּבְמִנְחָה שֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לַחֻפָּה אֵין אוֹמְרִים (קל"א).

Likewise, [tachanun] is omitted in a synagogue where a groom is present, during all seven days of feasting, provided that the groom was a bochur or the bride a besulah. But if a widower married a widow there are only three days, after which [tachanun] is resumed. On the day of the marriage ceremony [tachanun] is said at shacharis prayers, but at the minchah preceeding the ceremony it is not said.

אֵין אוֹמְרִים תַּחֲנוּן לֹא בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ וְלֹא בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּאָב, וְלֹא בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בִּשְׁבָט וְלֹא בַּחֲנֻכָּה וְלֹא בְּפוּרִים גָּדוֹל בּ' יָמִים, וְלֹא בְּפוּרִים קָטָן בּ' יָמִים, וְלֹא בּל"ג בָּעֹמֶר, וְלֹא בְּכָל חֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן, וְלֹא בְּתִשְׁעָה בְּאָב, וְלֹא בַּיָּמִים שֶבֵּין יוֹם כִּפּוּר לְסֻכּוֹת, וְלֹא מֵרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ סִיוָן עַד לְאַחַר אִסְרוּ חַג דְּשָׁבוּעוֹת וְלֹא בְּאִסְרוּ חַג דְּסֻכּוֹת, בְּכָל אֵלּוּ אֵין אוֹמְרִים בְּמִנְחָה שֶׁלִּפְנֵיהֶם, אֲבָל בְּעֶרֶב רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וּבְעֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים אוֹמְרִים בַּמִנְחָה שֶׁלִּפְנֵיהֶם. וּבְעֶרֶב רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה אוֹמְרִים גַּם בַּסְּלִיחוֹת רַק לְאַחַר כָּךְ אֵין אוֹמְרִים.

Tachanun is not said on the following days: Rosh Chodesh, the fifteenth of Av, the fifteenth of Shevat, during Chanukah, the two days of greater Purim, the two days of minor Purim, the thirty-third day of the Omer, during the entire month of Nissan, Tishah Be'Av, the days between Yom Kippur and Sukkos, from Rosh Chodesh Sivan until the day following the day after Shavuos, the day following Succos. On all these days tachanun is also not said at minchah on the preceeding days. However, on the day before erev Rosh Hashanah, and on the day before erev Yom Kippur, Tachanun is said at Minchah. On the day before Rosh Hashana [tachanun] is said at selichos, but after that [tachanun] is omitted.

בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִשִּׁי לְפִי שֶׁהֵם יְמֵי רָצוֹן, כִּי בְּאַרְבָּעִים יוֹם שֶׁל קַבָּלַת לוּחוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת, עָלָה מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ בְּיוֹם ה', וְיָרַד בְּיוֹם בּ', לָכֵן מַרְבִּים בָּהֶם תַּחֲנוּנִים, וְאוֹמְרִים קוֹדֶם תַּחֲנוּן, וְהוּא רַחוּם, וְאוֹמְרִים אוֹתוֹ מְעֻמָּד, וְצָרִיךְ לְאָמְרוֹ בְּכַוָּנָה, וּבִמְתִינוּת, דֶּרֶךְ תַּחֲנוּנִים. וּבְיָמִים שֶׁאֵין אוֹמְרִים תַּחֲנוּן אֵין אוֹמְרִים אוֹתוֹ.

On Mondays and Thursdays, are especially favorable days [for prayer] because during the forty days the second luchos were received, Moses ascended on a Thursday and descended on a Monday, therefore, additional supplications are recited and before tachanun, vehu rachum is said. It (vehu rachum) is said standing. It must be said with concentration and with deliberation in a pleading manner. On days when tachanun is omitted it (vehu rachum) is not said.

לְאַחַר תַּחֲנוּן אוֹמְרִים חֲצִי קַדִּישׁ. וּבְשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִשִּׁי אוֹמְרִים, אֵל אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם [מְעֻמָּד]. וְעַיֵּן לְקַמָּן סִימָן כ"ה סָעִיף ב', מָתַי אֵין אוֹמְרִים אוֹתוֹ (שם ובעט"ז מ' קל"ב).

After tachanun [is completed] half-kaddish is said. On Mondays and Thursdays Keil erech apayim is said while standing.

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