Sefaria Kitzur Shulchan Arukh 8
Sefaria Kitzur Shulchan Arukh 8
Siman 8
מִשֶּׁעָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר שֶׁהוּא אוֹר הַנּוֹצֵץ מִן הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בַּמִּזְרָח, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָז מַתְחִיל זְמַן הַתְּפִילָה (שֶׁאִם הִתְפַּלֵּל אָז בְּדִיעֲבַד יָצָא), לָכֵן אָסוּר לְאָדָם לְהַתְחִיל בִּמְלָאכָה אוֹ לְהִתְעַסֵּק בַּעֲסָקָיו אוֹ לֵילֵךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, צֶדֶק לְפָנָיו יְהַלֵּךְ וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו. צֶדֶק, זוֹ תְפִלָּה שֶׁמַּצְדִּיק לְבוֹרְאוֹ וַהֲדַר וְיָשֵׂם פְּעָמָיו לְדַרְכֵי חֶפְצוֹ (סִימָּן ע' פ"ט).
As soon as the day dawns, when a ray of light shines from the sun in the east, since this begins the time when prayers may be said, (for if you had prayed then, your obligation, would have been fulfilled) it is forbidden to begin work or indulge in your affairs or set forth on a trip before praying, as it is said: "Righteousness will precede him and he will set his footsteps upon the way." "Righteousness" refers to prayer for we declare the righteousness of our Creator, and then afterwards we may set our footsteps on the road to our personal endeavors.
You may not eat or drink [before praying] as it is said: "You shall not eat anything with blood," [which means] You shall not eat before you pray for your blood (life and welfare). Whoever eats or drinks and then prays, of him, the Scripture says: "And hast cast Me behind your back." Do not read gavecha [your back] rather gei'echa (your pride); said the Holy One, Blessed is He,"After this person catered to his pride, he accepted the yoke of Heaven." It is forbidden even to drink coffee or tea with sugar or milk before praying. An old or weak person who cannot wait for his food until the time the congregation leaves the synagogue, especially on Shabbos or Yom Tov when the prayers are very prolonged, may pray the Shacharis service in his home, slowly, then recite Kiddush and eat something. Afterwards he should go to the synagogue and listen intently as the congregation prays the Shacharis service, and then pray the Musaf prayers with them. [This is more appropriate than permitting him] to drink coffee with sugar or something similar without first accepting God's kingship. However, for reasons of health, it is permissible to eat or drink before prayers, since this is not an act of pampering one's ego. Similarly, one who is unable to concentrate properly during prayer without eating or drinking, may eat or drink if he wishes before praying.
יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ אִם קָם בַּחֲצוֹת הַלַּיְלָה אָסוּר לוֹ לִטְעֹם קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל, וְכֵן נָכוֹן לְהַחְמִיר. אַךְ אִם חָלַשׁ לִבּוֹ, מֻתָּר לוֹ לֶאֱכֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת אֵיזֶה דָבָר לְחַזֵּק גּוּפוֹ לַתּוֹרָה.
Some [authorities] maintain that even if you arise at midnight it is forbidden to taste anything before prayer and it is proper to follow this stricter opinion. However, if you feel weak you may eat or drink something to strengthen yourself for Torah [study].
מַיִם וְכֵן טֵה אוֹ קַאפֶע בְּלֹא צוּקֶר (סֻכָּר) וּבְלֹא חָלָב, מֻתָּר לִשְׁתּוֹת קֹדֶם הַתְּפִלָּה אַף לְאַחַר שֶׁעָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר, כִּי אֵין בָּאֵלּוּ מִשּׁוּם גֵּאוּת. וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת וְיוֹם טוֹב שֶׁחַיָּב בְּקִדּוּשׁ, מֻתָּר לִשְׁתּוֹת דְּבָרִים אֵלּוּ קֹדֶם הַתְּפִלָּה וְאֵין הַקִּדּוּשׁ מְעַכְּבוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁקֹּדֶם הַתְּפִלָּה עֲדַיִן לֹא הִגִּיעַ זְמַן קִדוּשׁ, דְּאֵין קִדּוּשׁ אֶלָּא בִמְקוֹם סְעוּדָה, דְּהַיְנוּ סָמוּךְ לַאֲכִילָה, וַהֲרֵי אִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹ לֶאֱכֹל קֹדֶם תְּפִלַּת הַשָּׁחַר.
Water, coffee, or tea without sugar or milk may be taken before prayers even after daybreak because, there is no egotistic indulgence in doing this. Even on Shabbos or Yom Tov when you are obligated to recite Kiddush, you may drink these liquids before praying, without saying Kiddush, because before prayers there is no obligation to recite Kiddush, as Kiddush is said only at a meal and immediately prior to that meal. Thus, since you may not eat before Shacharis prayers there is no requirement of Kiddush.
אָסוּר לְהַקְדִּים לְפֶתַח חֲבֵרוֹ לְקַבֵּל פָּנָיו וְלִתֵּן לוֹ שָׁלוֹם, וַאֲפִלּוּ לוֹמַר לוֹ צַפְרָא דְּמָרָא טָב (בל"א, גוּטֶען מָארְגֶען), שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, חִדְלוּ לָכֶם מִן הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר נְשָׁמָה בְּאַפּוֹ כִּי בַמֶּה נֶחְשָׁב הוּא. כְּלוֹמַר, בַּמֶּה חֲשַׁבְתּוֹ לָזֶה שֶׁהִקְדַּמְתָּ כְּבוֹדוֹ לִכְבוֹדִי. וְאִם פְּגָעוֹ דֶּרֶךְ מִקְרֶה מִצַּד הַדִּין מֻתָּר לִתֵּן לוֹ שָׁלוֹם, אַךְ נָכוֹן לְשַׁנּוֹת בִּלְשׁוֹנוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתֵן לֵב שֶׁהוּא אָסוּר לְהִתְעַכֵּב בִּדְבָרִים אֲחֵרִים עַד שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל.
[Before praying] It is forbidden to go to a friend to meet him, or greet him with Shalom, or even to say good morning; to him as it is said: "Withdraw yourselves from man whose breath is still in his nostrils; because for what is he to be esteemed." This means: what is his importantce that you honor him before honoring Me? If you meet him by chance, according to the strictness of the law, it is permissible to say Shalom. However, it is proper to alter your usual form of greeting, in order to remember that it is forbidden to engage in other matters before praying.
אֲפִלּוּ לִלְמֹד, אָסוּר לוֹ לְהַתְחִיל מִשֶּׁעָלָה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. אַךְ מִי שֶׁהוּא רָגִיל לֵילֵךְ לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְאֵין לָחוּשׁ שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַזְּמָן, מֻתָּר לוֹ. וְכֵן מִי שֶׁהוּא לוֹמֵד עִם אֲחֵרִים וְאִם לֹא יִלְמְדוּ עַתָּה יִתְבַּטְּלוּ מִלִּמּוּדָם, מֻתָּר לִלְמֹד עִמָּהֶם, כִּי זְכוּת הָרַבִּים דָּבָר גָּדוֹל הוּא. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיַּשְׁגִּיחוּ שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹר זְמַן הַתְּפִלָּה (פ"ט).
It is even forbidden to begin learning Torah after daybreak. However, if you are accustomed to go to the synagogue and there is no liklihood that the time [for prayer] will elapse, it is permissible to begin learning. Similarly one who studies with others and if they do not study now they will not study later, it is permissible to study with them because the collective merit of a group is very great. They must take care however not to overlook the time for prayer.
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