Sefaria: Midrash Tanchuma Bamidbar, Siman 1-4

 Bamidbar, Siman 1

וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: צִדְקָתְךָ כְּהַרְרֵי אֵל, מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה וְגוֹ' (תהלים לו, ז). צִדְקָתְךָ כְּהַרְרֵי אֵל, זֶה צְדָקָה שֶׁאַתָּה מֵבִיא לָעוֹלָם, מְפֻרְסֶמֶת הִיא עַל הֶהָרִים הַלָּלוּ. מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה. מִשְׁפָּט שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה בָּעוֹלָם, כִּתְהוֹם רַבָּה. מַה תְּהוֹם רַבָּה בַּסֵּתֶר, אַף מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ בַּסֵּתֶר, כֵּיצַד. כֵּיוָן שֶׁחָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, בְּתִשְׁעָה בְּאָב חָרְבָה. וּכְשֶׁהֶרְאָה לוֹ לִיחֶזְקֵאל, הֶרְאָה לוֹ בְּעֶשְׂרִים לַחֹדֶשׁ. לָמָּה, שֶׁלֹּא לְפַרְסֵם בְּאֵיזֶה חֹדֶשׁ חָרֵבָה. אֲבָל כְּשֶׁהוּא בָּא לְגַדֵּל אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, הוּא מְפַרְסֵם בְּאֵיזֶה יוֹם, בְּאֵיזֶה מָקוֹם, בְּאֵיזֶה חֹדֶשׁ, בְּאֵיזוֹ שָׁנָה, בְּאֵיזוֹ אַפַּטְיָא. בְּאֵיזֶה יוֹם, בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ. בְּאֵיזֶה מָקוֹם, בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי. בְּאֵיזֶה חֹדֶשׁ, לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי. בְּאֵיזֶה שָׁנָה, בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית. לְאֵיזֶה אַפַּטְיָא, לְצֵאתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם. מָה אָמַר לָהֶם: שְׁאוּ אֶת רֹאשׁ כָּל עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.

(Numb. 1:1) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses in the Sinai desert.” This text is related (to Ps. 36:7), “Your righteousness is like the mighty mountains; Your judgments are like the great deep.” The righteousness that You bring into the world is proclaimed upon these mountains. (Ibid., cont.) [But] “your judgments are like the great deep.” A judgment which You execute for the world is like the great deep. As the deep is in a secret [place], Your judgments are also in secret. How so? When Jerusalem was destroyed, it was destroyed on the ninth of Ab; but when it was shown to Ezekiel, it seemed to be on the twentieth. Why? So as not to publicize it. However, when He came to magnify Israel, He did publicize [on which day], in which place, in which month, in which year, in which era. On which day? (Numb. 1:1) “On the first of the month.” In which place? (Ibid.) “In the Sinai desert.” In which month? (Ibid.) “In the second month.” In which year? (Ibid.) “In the second year.” In which era? (Ibid.) “After their Exodus from the land of Egypt.” What did He say to them? (Numb. 1:2) “Count the heads of all of the congregation of the Children of Israel.”

Bamidbar, Siman 2

וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: הַדּוֹר אַתֶּם רְאוּ דְּבַר ה', הֲמִדְבָּר הָיִיתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אִם אֶרֶץ מַאְפֵּלְיָה (ירמיה ב, לא). אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, עַל שֶׁאֲמַרְתֶּם לְמֹשֶׁה, לָמָּה הֶעֱלִיתָנוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם לָמוּת בַּמִּדְבָּר (במדבר כא, ה). הֲמִדְבָּר הָיִיתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, כַּמִּדְבָּר עָשִׂיתִי לָכֶם אוֹ כַּמִּדְבָּר נָהַגְתִּי אֶתְכֶם. בְּנוֹהֵג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם, מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם שֶׁיּוֹצֵא לַמִּדְבָּר, שֶׁמָּא מוֹצֵא שָׁם שַׁלְוָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָיָה בַּפַּלְטְרִין שֶׁלּוֹ אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה. וְאַתֶּם הֱיִיתֶם עֲבָדִים לַמִּצְרִים, וְהוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם מִשָּׁם, וְהִרְבַּצְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּסַבַּסְטִין (ס״‎א: סוּגְמָטִין), שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיַּסֵּב אֱלֹהִים אֶת הָעָם דֶּרֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּר (שמות יג, יח). מַאי וַיַּסֵּב. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהִרְבִּיצָם כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהַמְּלָכִים מְסֻבִּין, רְבוּצִין עַל מִטּוֹתֵיהֶן. וְלֹא הֶעֱמַדְתִּי לָכֶם שְׁלֹשָׁה פַּרְעוֹשִׁין אֲפִלּוּ לְצָעֵר אֶתְכֶם וְאַף הֶעֱמַדְתִּי לָכֶם שְׁלֹשָׁה גּוֹאֲלִים מְשַׁמְּשִׁין אֶתְכֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וָאֶשְׁלַח לְפָנֶיךָ אֶת מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן וּמִרְיָם (מיכה ו, ד). בִּזְכוּת מֹשֶׁה אֲכַלְתֶּם אֶת הַמָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיְּעַנְּךָ וַיַּרְעִיבֶךָ וְגוֹ' (דברים ח, ג) וּבִזְכוּת אַהֲרֹן הִקַּפְתִּי אֶתְכֶם עַנְנֵי כָּבוֹד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַה' הוֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם יוֹמָם (שמות יג, כא). וּכְתִיב: פָּרַשׂ עָנָן לְמָסָךְ (תהלים קה, לט). שִׁבְעָה עֲנָנִים הָיוּ, מִלְּמַעְלָה, וּמִלְּמַטָּה, וּמֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הָעוֹלָם, וְאֶחָד הוֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם וּמַכֶּה לָהֶם נְחָשִׁים וְעַקְרַבִּים, וּמַשְׁוֶה לָהֶם אֶת הֶהָרִים וְאֶת הָעֲמָקִים, וְשׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַקּוֹצִים וְאֶת הַסִּירוֹת וּמַעֲלֶה עָשָׁן, וְרוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ כָּל מַלְכֵי מִזְרָח וּמַעֲרָב, וְהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, מִי זֹאת עוֹלָה מִן הַמִּדְבָּר וְגוֹ' (שה״‎ש ג, ו). וּכְתִיב: שִׂמְלָתְךָ לֹא בָּלְתָה מֵעָלֶיךָ (דברים ח, ד). וְהַתִּינוֹק הַזֶּה כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא גָּדֵל, לְבוּשׁוֹ וְשִׂמְלָתוֹ גְּדֵלִין עִמּוֹ. הַבְּאֵר בִּזְכוּת מִרְיָם, שֶׁאָמְרָה שִׁירָה עַל הַיָּם. אָמַר רַבִּי בְּרֶכְיָה הַכֹּהֵן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי, מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ מְדִינָה, וְהוּא מְשַׁלֵּחַ לְתוֹכָהּ בְּנֵי אָדָם גְּדוֹלִים, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ נוֹשְׂאִים מַשָּׂאָם וְעוֹשִׂין מִשְׁפָּטָם, מִי צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת זָקוּק בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם, לֹא בְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה. וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֹא עָשָׂה כֵן, אֶלָּא שָׁלַח לְמֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וּמִרְיָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וָאֶשְׁלַח לְפָנֶיךָ אֶת מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן וּמִרְיָם (מיכה ו, ד), שֶׁבִּזְכוּתָן יִשְׂרָאֵל מִתְנַהֲגִין. הַמָּן בִּזְכוּת מֹשֶׁה. תֵּדַע לְךָ, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּסְתַּלֵּק מֹשֶׁה, מַה כְּתִיב שָׁם, וַיִּשְׁבֹּת הַמָּן מִמָּחֳרָת (יהושע ה, יב). הֶעָנָן בִּזְכוּת אַהֲרֹן, שֶׁכְּשֶׁנִּסְתַּלֵּק אַהֲרֹן מַה כְּתִיב שָׁם, וַתִּקְצַר נֶפֶשׁ הָעָם בַּדֶּרֶךְ (במדבר כא, ד), שֶׁהָיְתָה הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ זוֹרַחַת עֲלֵיהֶם. וְהַבְּאֵר בִּזְכוּת מִרְיָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַתָּמָת שָׁם מִרְיָם וַתִּקָּבֵר שָׁם, וְלֹא הָיָה מַיִם לָעֵדָה (שם כ, א-ב). וְהֵיאַךְ הָיְתָה הַבְּאֵר עֲשׂוּיָה. כְּמִין סֶלַע כְּמִין כַּוֶּרֶת, אוֹ כַּדֹּרֶת, וְהָיְתָה מִתְגַּלְגֶּלֶת וּבָאָה עִמָּהֶן בַּמַּסָּעוֹת. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיוּ הַדְּגָלִים חוֹנִין וְהַמִּשְׁכָּן עוֹמֵד, הָיָה אוֹתוֹ הַסֶּלַע בָּא וְיוֹשֵׁב לוֹ בַּחֲצַר אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, וְהַנְּשִׂיאִים בָּאִין וְעוֹמְדִין עַל גַּבָּהּ וְאוֹמְרִים: עֲלִי בְאֵר עֱנוּ לָהּ (שם כא, יז), וְהָיָה עוֹלֶה. וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן הֵבֵאתִי לָהֶם שַׂלְוִים. הֲמִדְבָּר הָיִיתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל (ירמיה ב, לא), שֶׁמָּא כַּמִּדְבָּר נָהַגְתִּי אֶתְכֶם. אִם אֶרֶץ מַאְפֵּלְיָה (שם), לֹא אֲנִי בִּכְבוֹדִי הָיִיתִי מֵאִיר לָכֶם מַאֲפֶלְכֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַה' הוֹלֵךְ וְגוֹ' (שמות יג, כא). דָּבָר אַחֵר, מַהוּ מַאְפֵּלְיָה. שֶׁמָּא אָמַרְתִּי, שֶׁאֲנִי מֵבִיא לָהֶם טוֹבָה וְהִלְקַשְׁתִּי אוֹתָהּ. וְאֵין מַאְפֵּלְיָה אֶלָּא לָשׁוֹן הַלְקָשָׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהַחִטָּה וְהַכֻּסֶּמֶת לֹא נֻכּוּ כִּי אֲפִילוֹת הֵנָּה (שמות ט, לב). אָמַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא נָפַל דָּבָר אֶחָד מִכָּל הַדְּבָרִים הַטּוֹבִים אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם עֲלֵיכֶם הַכֹּל בָּאוּ לָכֶם (יהושע כג, יד). מַדּוּעַ אָמְרוּ עַמִּי רַדְנוּ (ירמיה ב, לא). מַהוּ רַדְנוּ. לְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה הוּא, הָרוֹדֶה פַּת בַּתַּנּוּר. אָמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּשֶׁהַפַּת אֲפוּיָה בַּתַּנּוּר וְנִטֶּלֶת מִמֶּנּוּ, יְכוֹלָה הִיא לִקְבֹּעַ בַּתַּנּוּר עוֹד. וְאָנוּ הָיִינוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם כִּבְתַנּוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: נְאֻם ה' אֲשֶׁר אוּר לוֹ בְּצִיּוֹן וְתַנּוּר לוֹ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם (ישעיה לא, ט). וְהִגְלִיתָנוּ לְבָבֶל, וּמָה אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ עוֹד, מַדּוּעַ אָמְרוּ עִמִּי רַדְנוּ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מַהוּ רַדְנוּ. כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי הוּא רוֹדֶה בְּכָל עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר מִתִּפְסַח וְעַד עַזָּה (מל״‎א ה, ד). אָמְרוּ לוֹ: נִתַּצְתָּ לָנוּ אֶת בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְסִלַּקְתָּ שְׁכִינָתְךָ מִמֶּנּוּ, מָה אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ עוֹד, לֹא נָבֹא עוֹד אֵלֶיךָ (ירמיה ב, לא). אָמַר לָהֶן, מִי יִתֵּן לִי וְהָיִיתִי בַּמִּדְבָּר עַכְשָׁו, שֶׁעָשִׂיתִי לָכֶם אוֹתָן הַנִּסִּים. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר, מִי יִתְּנֵנִי בַּמִּדְבַּר מְלוֹן אוֹרְחִים וְגוֹ' (שם ט, א). הֵיכָן שֶׁהָיִיתִי מִסְתַּלֵּק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יִשְׁאוּ מִדְבָּר וְעָרָיו וְגוֹ' (ישעיה מב, יא). מָשָׁל לְנָשִׂיא שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִמְדִינָה, וְרָאוּ אוֹתוֹ בְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה וּבָרְחוּ. נִכְנַס לַשְּׁנִיָּה וּבָרְחוּ מִלְּפָנָיו. נִכְנַס לָעִיר אֶחָד חֲרֵבָה, רָאוּ אוֹתוֹ הִתְחִילוּ מְקַלְּסִין אוֹתוֹ. אָמַר הַנָּשִׂיא, זוֹ הָעִיר טוֹבָה הִיא מִכָּל הַמְּדִינוֹת, כָּאן אֲנִי בּוֹנֶה לִי אַכְסַנְיָא, וּבְכָאן אֲנִי דָּר. כָּךְ כְּשֶׁבָּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַיָּם, בָּרַח מִלְּפָנָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הַיָּם רָאָה וַיָּנֹס (תהלים קיד, ג). נִגְלָה עַל הַר סִינַי, בָּרְחוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הֶהָרִים רָקְדוּ כְאֵלִים (שם פסוק ד). בָּא לְמִדְבָּר חֲרָבָה, קִבְּלָה אוֹתוֹ וְקִלְּסָה אוֹתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יִשְּׂאוּ מִדְבָּר וְעָרָיו וְגוֹ' (ישעיה מ, ב-יא). אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, זֶה הַמִּדְבָּר טוֹבָה מִכָּל הַמְּדִינוֹת, כָּאן אֲנִי בּוֹנֶה לִי אַכְסַנְיָה יָרַד לְתוֹכָהּ, הִתְחִילוּ הַכֹּל שְׂמֵחִים, שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יָרַד לְתוֹכוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יְשֻׂשׂוּם מִדְבָּר וְצִיָּה וְתָגֵל עֲרָבָה וְתִפְרַח כַּחֲבַצֶּלֶת (שם לה, א).

(Numb. 1:1:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses in the Sinai desert.” This text is related (to Jer. 2:31), “0 generation, understand the word of the Lord, ‘Have I been a desert for Israel or a land of thick darkness?’” The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Israel, “Because you said to Moses (in Numb. 21:5), ‘Why did you bring us up from Egypt to die in the desert?’ (Jer. 2:31:) ‘Have I been a desert for Israel?’ Did I act like a desert to you? Is it customary for a king of flesh and blood, when he leaves for the desert, [to find] easy living [there] just like that which he had found in his palace, either [palace] food or [palace] drink? However, when you were slaves to Pharaoh in Egypt and when I brought you out from there, I had you lie down on couches, as it states (Exod 13:18), ‘And the Lord made the people circumvent (Vayasev) through the desert.’” What is [the meaning of] ”circumvent?” It teaches that He made them recline in the way that kings dine (mesavin), reclining upon their beds. “And I did not even bring three fleas to trouble you. And I even raised up three redeemers for you to serve you, as stated (in Micah 6:4), ‘and I sent Moses, Aaron, and Miriam before you.’” Through their merit, Israel was able to travel. Through the merit of Moses there was manna, as stated (Deut. 8:3), “And He subjected you to hunger [and then gave you manna to eat].” Through the merit of Aaron I surrounded you in clouds of glory, as stated (Exod. 13:21), “And the Lord went in front of them during the day [in a pillar of cloud. And it is written (in Ps. 105:39), “He spread a cloud for a cover.” There were seven clouds: one from above, one from below, one from each of the four directions, and one going before them. [That last one] smote snakes and scorpions, leveled the mountains and valleys for them, and burned the thornbushes so that they sent up smoke. When all the kings of the East and West saw this, the peoples of the world said (in Cant. 3:6), “Who is this that comes up from the desert [like columns of smoke]?” It is also written (in Deut. 29:4), “your clothes did not wear out from upon you.” In the case of a baby, all the time that it was growing, its garments and clothes were growing along with it. Now the well [came] through the merit of Miriam, who uttered a song by the waters [of the Reed sea]. R. Berekhyah the Priest said in the name of R. Levi, “[The matter is comparable to] a king of flesh and blood who has a province. So he sends high ranking people into its midst to conduct their affairs and administer their justice. Who has to be responsible for their maintenance? Do not the people of the province have to be responsible for their maintenance? But the Holy One, blessed be He, did not act like that. Instead he sent out Moses, Aaron, [and Miriam], as stated (in Micah 6:4), ‘and I sent Moses, Aaron, and Miriam before you.’” Thus through their merit, Israel was sustained. The manna was through the merit of Moses. You yourself know that it is so. When Moses passed away, what is written (in Josh. 5:12)? “The manna ceased on the next day (i.e., the day after Moses died).” The clouds of glory [came] through the merit of Aaron. You yourself know that it is so. When Aaron passed away, what is written (in Numb. 21:4)? “But the temper of the people grew short on the way,” because the sun was shining down upon them (without a cloud cover). And the well [came] through the merit of Miriam, since it is stated (in Numb. 20:1-2), “and Miriam died there and was buried there. Now the congregation had no water.” And how was [the well] constructed? Like a kind of boulder or a type of hive or a type of ball. It rolled along and came with them on the journeys. When the standards [for each tribe] came to rest and the tabernacle arose, the rock would come and settle down in the court of the tent of meeting. Then the princes would stand beside it and say (in the words of Numb. 21:17), “Rise up, O well”; and the well would rise up. After that, I brought them quails (cf. Numb. 11:31). (Jer. 2:31:) “Have I been a desert for Israel?” Have I treated you like a desert? (Ibid., cont.) “Or a land of utter darkness?” Did not I become a light for you, a light by My own glory? It is so stated (in Exod. 13:21:) “And the Lord went….” Another interpretation (of Jer. 2:31): What is the meaning of “utter darkness? Have I [ever] said to you that I am bringing a benefit and delayed it? Utter darkness (rt.:'pl) can only be a term of delay, as it is used (in Exod. 9:32), “But the wheat and the spelt were not hurt, because they ripen late (i.e., are delayed: rt.:'pl).” Joshua said (in Josh. 21:45), “Not a thing has failed (npl) of any good thing which the Lord (your God) promised unto (you); it all came to you.” [And how are we to understand the rest of the verse] (in Jer. 2:31), “why did my people say, ‘we have let loose (radnu - rt.: rwd)’?” What is the meaning of “radnu?” The word is mishnaic (as in ter. 10:3), “one who removes (rwdh) a hot loaf” (adhering to an oven). They (i.e., Israel) said, “When the bread is baked in the oven and is taken out of it, can it stick to the oven again? Now we in Jerusalem were as in an oven, as stated (in Is. 31:9), ‘says the Lord, who has a fire in Zion and has an oven in Jerusalem.’ Now You exiled us to Babylon. ‘What do you still want from us?’” [That is the meaning of] (Jer. 2:31:), “why did my people say, ‘radnu’” (i.e., he has already removed us from the oven of Jerusalem). Another interpretation (of Jer. 2:31), “why did my people say, ‘radnu?” What [is the meaning of] “radnu (rt.: rwd)?” Compare what is said (in I Kings 5:4), “For he subjugated (rwdh) everything beyond the river (i.e., West of the Euphrates), from Tipsah to Gaza.” They said to [the Holy One, blessed be He,], “You have destroyed for us the sanctuary, and You have taken away your Divine Presence from us. ‘Now what do You still want from us?’” (Jer. 2:31) [Why did my people say, “He has dominion over us (radnu)]”; He said to them, “Would that I were now in the desert, where I did those miracles for you.” And so does it state (in Jer. 9:1), “Would that I were in the desert, at an inn for wayfarers….” Where? Where I was praised, as stated (in Is. 42:11), “Let the desert and its cities lift up [their voice].” [The matter] is comparable to a prince who entered a metropolis. When the inhabitants of the metropolis saw him, they fled. He entered a second one, and [again] they fled from him. He entered into another city that was ruined (harevah); and when the inhabitants saw him, they praised him. That prince said, “This city is better than all the metropolises. Here I will build myself a lodging place; here I will dwell.” Similarly, when the Holy One, blessed be He, came to the sea, it fled from Him, as stated (in Ps. 114:3), “The sea saw [Him] and fled.” He revealed Himself on Mount Sinai, [it also] fled, as stated (in Ps. 114:4), “The mountains danced like rams.” When he came to the desert wasteland (harevah), it received Him and praised Him, as stated (in Is. 42:11), “Let the desert and its cities lift up [their voice].” He said, “This city is better than all of the cities. Here I will build a lodging place.” When He came down into its midst, they began rejoicing, because the Holy One, blessed be He, was dwelling in their midst, as stated (in Is. 35:1), “The desert and the arid land shall be glad, and the wilderness shall rejoice and blossom like a crocus.”

Bamidbar, Siman 3

וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי. עַד שֶׁלֹּא הוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן, דִּבֵּר עִמּוֹ בַּסְּנֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּקְרָא אֵלָיו אֱלֹהִים מִתּוֹךְ הַסְּנֶה (שמות ג, ד). אַחֲרֵי כֵן דִּבֵּר עִמּוֹ בְּמִדְיָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְיָן (שם ד, יט). אַחֲרֵי כֵן דִּבֵּר עִמּוֹ בְּמִצְרַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל אַהֲרֹן בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לֵאמֹר (שם יב, א). וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן דִּבֵּר עִמּוֹ בְּסִינַי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן, אָמַר, יָפֶה הוּא הַצְּנִיעוּת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֹהֶיךָ (מיכה ו, ח). הִתְחִיל לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד. וְכֵן דָּוִד אָמַר, כָּל כְּבוֹדָהּ בַּת מֶלֶךְ פְּנִימָה מִמִּשְׁבְּצוֹת זָהָב לְבוּשָׁהּ (תהלים מה, יד). בַּת מֶלֶךְ, זֶה מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַתְּבִיאֵהוּ לְבַת פַּרְעֹה וַיְהִי לָהּ לְבֵן (שמות ב, י). וּכְתִיב: וְסִכַּרְתִּי אֶת מִצְרַיִם בְּיַד אֲדֹנִים קָשֶׁה (ישעיה יט, ד), אֵלּוּ הַמַּכּוֹת שֶׁבָּאוּ עַל הַמִּצְרִים. וּמֶלֶךְ עַז יִמְשָׁל בָּם (שם), זֶה מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁהָיָה מַלְכָּהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה שֶׁנִּקְרֵאת עֹז, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ה' עֹז לְעַמּוֹ יִתֵּן (תהלים כט, יא). לְפִיכָךְ, כָּל כְּבוֹדָהּ בַּת מֶלֶךְ פְּנִימָה. מִמִּשְׁבְּצוֹת זָהָב לְבוּשָׁהּ, זֶה אַהֲרֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעָשִׂיתָ מִשְׁבְּצוֹת זָהָב (שמות כח, יג). מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה, כָּל אִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא מַצְנַעַת עַצְמָהּ, אֲפִלּוּ בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, רְאוּיָה שֶׁתִּנָּשֵׂא לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל וְתַעֲמִיד כֹּהֲנִים גְּדוֹלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל כְּבוֹדָהּ בַּת מֶלֶךְ פְּנִימָה, מִמִּשְׁבְּצוֹת זָהָב לְבוּשָׁהּ. אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, כָּךְ הוּא כְּבוֹדִי שֶׁיְּהֵא מְדַבֵּר מִבִּפְנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבְבֹא מֹשֶׁה אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וַיִּשְׁמַע אֶת הַקּוֹל מִדַּבֵּר אֵלָיו (במדבר ז, פט). אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, אִלּוּ הָיוּ יוֹדְעִין אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם מַה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ יָפֶה לָהֶם, קַסְטוֹרִיּוֹת הָיוּ מַקִּיפִין אוֹתוֹ כְּדֵי לְשָׁמְרוֹ, שֶׁהָיָה יָפֶה לָהֶם יוֹתֵר מִמַּה שֶּׁהָיָה יָפֶה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. שֶׁכָּךְ שְׁלֹמֹה סִדֵּר בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ, וְגַם אֶל הַנָּכְרִי אֲשֶׁר לֹא מֵעַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא, אַתָּה תִּשְׁמַע הַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוֹ' וְעָשִׂיתָ כְּכָל אֲשֶׁר יִקְרָא אֵלֶיךָ הַנָּכְרִי (מל״‎א ח, מא-מג). אֲבָל כְּשֶׁבָּא אֵצֶל יִשְׂרָאֵל, מַה כְּתִיב: וְנָתַתָּ לָאִישׁ כְּכָל דְּרָכָיו אֲשֶׁר תֵּדַע אֶת לְבָבוֹ (דה״‎ב ו, ל). אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה, רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים, אִם הוּא רָאוּי, תֵּן לוֹ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ רָאוּי, אַל תִּתֵּן לוֹ. וְלֹא תֹּאמַר בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בִּלְבַד הָיָה יָפֶה לָהֶם, אֶלָּא אִלּוּלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא הָיָה מָטָר יוֹרֵד לָעוֹלָם, וְלֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ זוֹרַחַת, שֶׁבִּזְכוּתָן הַמָּטָר יוֹרֵד, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַזְרִיחַ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, וְלֶעָתִיד, אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם רוֹאִין הֵיאַךְ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִתְדַּבֵּק עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְהֵם בָּאִים לְהִדַּבֵּק בָּהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: נֵלְכָה עִמָּכֶם כִּי שָׁמַעְנוּ אֱלֹהִים עִמָּכֶם (זכריה ח, כג).

(Numb. 1:1:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses in the Sinai desert, in the tent of meeting.” Before the tent of meeting was set up, He spoke with him in the bush, as stated (in Exod. 3:4), “and God called him from the bush. After that He spoke with him in Midian, as stated (in Exod. 4:19), “Then the Lord said unto Moses in Midian.” After that He spoke with him in Egypt, as stated (in Exod. 12:1), “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses and unto Aaron in the land of Egypt.” After that He spoke with him at Sinai, as stated (in Lev. 25:1), “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses on Mount Sinai.” When the tent of meeting was set up, He said, “Humility is beautiful,” as stated (in Micah 6:8), “and to walk humbly with your God.” [So] He began to speak with him in the tent of meeting. Likewise David also says (in Ps. 45:14), “All glorious is the king's daughter within; her clothing is of gold brocade.” “The king's daughter” – that is Moses, as stated (Exod. 2:10), “and she brought him to the daughter of Pharaoh, and he was a son to her.” And it is written (in Is. 19:4), “And I will deliver the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh lord.” – these are the plagues which came upon the Egyptians; (ibid., cont.) “and a strong king shall rule over them” – this is Moses, who was king of Torah, which is called strength, where it is stated (in Ps. 29:11), “The Lord will grant strength to His people.” Ergo (in Ps. 45:14), “All glorious is the king's daughter within.” (Ibid., cont.) “Her clothing is of gold brocade.” This is Aaron, since it is stated (in Exod. 28:13), “And you shall make a gold brocade.” Hence, our masters have said, “Every bride who conceals herself (because of modesty), even though she be an [ordinary] Israelite woman, is worthy of being married to a priest and to raise up high priests, since it is stated (in Ps. 45:14), ‘All glorious is the king's daughter within; her clothing is of gold brocade.’” The Holy One, blessed be He, said, “My honor is like this” – that He speak from within, as stated (in Numb. 7:89), “When Moses went into the tent of meeting to speak with Him, he would hear the voice speaking unto him.” R. Joshua ben Levi said, “If the people of the world had known how auspicious the Temple was for them, they would have surrounded it with military encampments in order to protect it, since it was more auspicious for them than for any of Israel; for thus did Solomon set forth in his prayer (in I Kings 8:41-42), ‘And likewise, unto the foreigner, who is not of Your people Israel […] may You hearken [unto him] from heaven […] and do according to all that the foreigner cries out unto You.’ But when he comes to Israel, what is written? (In II Chron. 6:30) ‘and You shall give to each one according to all his ways, since You know his heart.’ Solomon said, ‘Master of the universe, if he is worthy, give to him; if he is not worthy, do not give to him.’” Moreover, you should not [only] say that the Temple [was auspicious for them]. In fact, if it had not been for Israel, no rain would ever have come down nor would the sun have shown; for it was through their merit that rain falls and that the Holy One, blessed be He, has [the sun] shine in this world. And in the future, the peoples of the world shall see, how the Holy One, blessed be He, clings to Israel, and they shall cling to them [as well], as stated (in Zech. 8:23), “Let us go with you for we have heard that God is with you.”

Bamidbar, Siman 4

וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: שָׁרְרֵךְ אַגַּן הַסַּהַר, אֶל יֶחְסַר הַמָּזֶג, בִּטְנֵךָ עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים, סוּגָה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּים (שה״‎ש ז, ג). מְדַבֵּר בְּסַנְהֶדְרִין שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהָיְתָה נְתוּנָה בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַגָּזִית, וְהִיא מְשׁוּלָה בַּשֹּׁרֶר הַזֶּה. וְלָמָּה נִמְשְׁלָה בַּשֹּׁרֶר. מָה הַשֹּׁרֶר הַזֶּה נָתוּן בְּאֶמְצַע הַגּוּף, כָּךְ הַסַּנְהֶדְרִין יוֹשְׁבִין בָּאֶמְצָעִית שֶׁל בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. אֶל יֶחְסַר הַמָּזֶג, שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ חֲסֵרִין אֶחָד מִשְּׁלִישִׁיתָן. אֶל יֶחְסַר הַמָּזֶג. מִי שֶׁהוּא מוֹזֵג כָּרָאוּי, מוֹזֵג שְׁלִישֵׁי שֶׁל כּוֹס יַיִן וּשְׁנֵי חֲלָקִים מַיִם. כָּךְ הָיוּ סַנְהֶדְרִין יוֹשְׁבִין מִתָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר עַד תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם. וְלֹא הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן נִפְנֶה לְצָרְכּוֹ. וּמֶה הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כְּשֶׁהָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶם מְבַקֵּשׁ לָצֵאת הָיָה סוֹפֵר, אִם הָיָה שָׁם עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה, הָיָה יוֹצֵא. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא. לָמָּה, שֶׁכָּךְ כְּתִיב: אֶל יֶחְסַר הַמָּזֶג. בִּטְנֵךָ עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים. לָמָּה נִמְשְׁלוּ לְחִטִּים. מָה עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים זוֹ נִכְנְסָה לָאוֹצָר בְּמִנְיָן וְיוֹצֵאת בְּמִנְיָן, אַף כָּאן אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ נִמְנִין בְּכָל שָׁעָה. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: בִּטְנֵךָ עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים. אֲבָל הַתֶּבֶן וְהַקַּשׁ אֵינָן נִמְנִין וְלֹא נִמְדָּדִין. כָּךְ אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם נִמְשָׁלִין כְּתֶבֶן וּכְקַשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יִהְיוּ כְּמוֹץ לִפְנֵי רוּחַ (תהלים לה, ה). וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר, וּבֵית עֵשָׂו לְקַשׁ (עובדיה א, יח). לָמָּה, שֶׁאֵין לוֹ לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵהֶן הֲנָאָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל הַגּוֹיִים כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ, מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ לוֹ (ישעיה מ, יז). אֲבָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הֲנָאָה לוֹ בָּהֶן, קוֹרִין קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע וּמִתְפַּלְּלִין, וּמְבָרְכִין שְׁמוֹ בְּכָל יוֹם וּבְכָל שָׁעָה עַל כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר, לְפִיכָךְ הֵם נִמְנִין בְּכָל שָׁעָה. וּלְכָךְ נִמְשְׁלוּ בְּחִטִּים, בִּטְנֵךָ עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים.

(Numb. 1:1-2) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses in the Sinai desert […, ‘Take a census of the whole congregation of the Children of Israel…’].” This text is related (to Cant. 7:3), “Your navel is a round bowl; let not mixed wine be lacking; your belly is a heap of wheat fenced in with lilies.” [And that verse] is speaking about the Sanhedrin of Israel, which was situated in the chamber of hewn stone and is compared with a navel. And why is it compared with a navel? It is that just as the navel is situated in the middle of the body, so the Sanhedrin of Israel was situated in the middle of the Temple. (Ibid., cont.) “Let not mixed wine be lacking.” What is the meaning of “let not mixed wine be lacking?” That there was never one less than a third of them [present]: “Let not mixed wine be lacking” – whoever mixes it properly mixes a third of a cup of wine with two parts water. Thus the Sanhedrin would sit from [the time of] the morning sacrifice until the afternoon sacrifice. But did not one of them go out for his [bodily] needs? So what did they do when one wanted to leave? He would count. If twenty three were present, he would leave; if not, he would not leave. Why? Because it is written (ibid.), “let not mixed wine be lacking.” Thus there was never less than a third of them [present]. It is therefore written, “let not mixed wine be lacking.” (Ibid., cont.) “Your belly is a heap of wheat.” Why is it compared to wheat? Just as this wheat enters the granary with a count and leaves with a count, so too, here the Holy One, blessed be He, said that they should be numbered all the time. It is therefore stated (ibid.), “your belly is a heap of wheat.” The stubble and the straw, however, are not numbered and not measured. Thus the peoples of the world are compared with stubble and straw, as stated (in Ps. 35:5), “They shall be like chaff before the wind.” And so it says (in Obad. 1:18), “and the house of Esau shall be straw.” Why? Because the Holy One, blessed be He, has no pleasure from them, as stated (in Is. 40:17), “All the nations are as nothing before Him; they are considered by Him as less than nothing and void.” But in the case of Israel, the Holy One, blessed be He, does have pleasure from them. They read the shema', pray, and bless the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, every day and at all times on every single thing; therefore, they are numbered all the time. For that reason they were compared with the wheat, as stated (in Cant. 7:3), “your belly is a heap of wheat.”

Ariel your Representee, 

Representee of Ephraim and adviser (not a rabbi but friendly adviser) for Bet Yisrael international on the Har HaBayit and to all the Israeli people.

I am born in Holland and became on a later age a Ba’al Teshuva: Originally, the term referred to a Jew who transgressed the halacha (Jewish law) knowingly or unknowingly and completed a process of introspection to "return" to the full observance of Elohim's mitzvot. Read my story