Sefaria Kitzur Shulchan Arukh 20 - 21, trans. Rabbi Avrohom Davis, Metsudah Pub., 1996
Sefaria Kitzur Shulchan Arukh 20 - 21, trans. Rabbi Avrohom Davis, Metsudah Pub., 1996
Kitzur Shulchan Arukh
Halakhah
The Kitzur Shulchan Arukh (“Abridged Shulchan Arukh”) is a simplified summary of the Shulchan Arukh, focusing on Orach Chayim and Yoreh De’ah, the sections most relevant to ordinary daily life. The work presents laws without listing differing views or providing reasoning, interspersing ethical maxims throughout. Immensely popular for its simplicity and clarity, it functions as a handbook for daily life for many Ashkenazi Jews and has been translated into five languages. It is known for its strict rulings.
Composed: Uzhgorod (c.1844 - c.1864 CE)נוצר/נערך: אוז'הורוד (1844 - 1864 לספירה בקירוב)
Current Version
Current Translation
Source: judaicaplace.com
Digitization: Sefaria
License: CC-BY
Siman 20
כְּשֶׁפּוֹסֵעַ הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר מִתְּפִלָּה שֶׁבְּלַחַשׁ, עוֹמֵד בִּמְקוֹמוֹ כְּשִׁעוּר הִלּוּךְ דּ' אַמּוֹת וְחוֹזֵר לִמְקוֹמוֹ וְאוֹמֵר בְּלַחַשׁ ה' שְׂפָתַי תִּפְתַּח וְגוֹ' וּמַתְחִיל בְּקוֹל בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה וְכוּ' וְכָל אֶחָד יִזָּהֵר לִשְׁתֹּק אָז וְלִשְׁמֹעַ הֵיטֵב, וּלְכַוֵּן לְמַה שֶּׁהוּא אוֹמֵר, וְלוֹמַר בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וּבָרוּךְ שְׁמוֹ וְאָמֵן עַל כָּל בְּרָכָה כָּרָאוּי. וַאֲפִלּוּ לִלְמֹד אָסוּר בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר חוֹזֵר הַתְּפִלָּה, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁצְּרִיכִין לִזָּהֵר מִשִּׂיחָה בְּטֵלָה. וּמִי שֶׁנָּקֵל לוֹ, יֵשׁ לוֹ לַעֲמֹד כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא בְּעַצְמוֹ מִתְפּלֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה אוֹ בְּעֵינַיִם עֲצוּמוֹת, אוֹ לִרְאֹוֹת תּוֹךְ הַסִּדּוּר מַה שֶּׁאָמַר הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר (קי"א קכ"ג קכ"ד). קְצָת נוֹהֲגִין שֶׁלְּאַחַר קְדֻשָּׁה חוֹלְצִין תְּפִלִּין שֶׁל רַֹשִ"י וּמַנִּיחִין תְּפִלִּין דְּרַבֵּנוּ תַּם. וְעוֹשִׂין שֶׁלֹּא כַדִּין. (עַיֵּן פְּרִי מגדים סִימָן ל"ד משבצות סָעִיף קטן ב).
When the chazzan steps back upon completing the silent Shemoneh Esrei, he remains standing there for the time it takes to walk four amos, returns to his original place and says quietly: Hashem sefasai tiftach … and begins aloud: Baruch atah Hashem. Everyone [in the congregation] must be careful to remain silent, (during the repetition of Shemoneh Esrei), to listen carefully and be attentive [to] what (the chazzan is saying, and to say Baruch hu uvaruch shemo and Amein after each berachah. Even the study [of Torah] is prohibited while the chazzan is repeating the [Shemoneh Esrei] prayer; and needless to say that you must take care to avoid idle conversation. If it is not difficult for you, it is proper to stand as if you yourself are praying Shemoneh Esrei; your eyes either closed or following the chazzan's chanting in the siddur. There are some whose custom it is that after the Kedusha, they remove the Rashi tefillin and put on Rabbeinu Tam tefillin. But what they do is not in accordance with the law.
בַּחֲזָרַת תְפִלַּת הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר כְּבָר הִתְפַּלֵּל בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ בְּלַחַשׁ, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר אֵת הַתְּפִלָּה רַק בִּשְׁבִיל הַשּׁוֹמְעִים, לָכֵן צְרִיכִין שֶׁיִּהְיוּ דַּוְקָא תִּשְׁעָה שׁוֹמְעִין וְעוֹנִין, שֶׁלֹּא תִּהְיֶינָה בִּרְכוֹתָיו לְבַטָּלָה (וְלָא דָמֵי לְמַה שֶׁכָּתוּב בְּסִימָן ט"ו סָעִיף ז'). וְלָכֵן כְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ מִנְיָן מְצֻמְצָם, צְרִיכִין לְהַשְׁגִיחַ שֶׁלֹּא יַתְחִיל הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר חֲזָרַת הַתְּפִלָּה עַד שֶׁיִּגְמְרוּ כֻלָּן תְּפִלּוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁיּוּכְלוּ לַעֲנוֹת. (קכ"ד)
Since the chazzan has already prayed his own prayer silently and is repeating Shemoneh Esrei only for the benefit of the listeners, it is, therefore, required that during the repetition of Shemoneh Esrei, there be no less than nine listening [to the chazzan] and answering [Amein] lest his berachos be in vain. Therefore, when there is an exact minyan, care should be taken that the chazzan not begin the repetition of Shemoneh Esrei until all have completed their [silent] Shemoneh Esrei so that they are able to answer [Amein].
הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר צָרִיךְ לִזָּהֵר, כְּשֶׁהוּא מְסַיֵּם בְּרָכָה אַחַת, שֶׁלֹּא לְהַתְחִיל בְּרָכָה שְׁנִיָּה, עַד לְאַחַר שֶׁאָמְרוּ רֹב הַצִבּוּר אָמֵן. וְאִם הִתְחִיל תֵּכֶף בְּרָכָה אַחֶרֶת, כְּגוֹן, שֶׁסִּיֵּם מָגֵן אַבְרָהָם וְהִתְחִיל מִיָּד אַתָּה גִּבּוֹר, אֲזַי כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִתְחִיל לוֹמַר, אַתָּה גִּבּוֹר, שׁוּב אֵין אוֹמְרִים אָמֵן, וְעֹנֶשׁ בִּטּוּל אָמֵן, אָז הוּא עָלָיו.
The chazzan must be careful when completing a berachah, not to begin the following berachah until after most of the congregation have answered Amein. If he did begin the next berachah immediately, for instance, after completing [the berachah] Magein Avraham he began to say Atah gibor at once, then since he already started saying Atah gibor, no longer [does the congregation] say Amein." The penalty for vacating the Amein is now upon him (the chazzan).
בִּקְדֻשָּׁה, יִזָּהֵר כָּל אֶחָד לְכַוֵּן רַגְלָיו, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן בְּיַחַד, כְּאִלּוּ הָיוּ רֶגֶל אַחַת (כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב וְרַגְלֵיהֶם רֶגֶל יְשָׁרָה) וּכְשֶׁאוֹמְרִים קָדוֹשׁ, קָדוֹשׁ, קָדוֹשׁ, וְכֵן בָּרוּךְ וְיִמְלֹךְ, מֵרִים גּוּפוֹ וַעֲקֵבוֹ לְמַעְלָה. וְנוֹהֲגִין לִשָּׂא הָעֵינַיִם לַמָּרוֹם, וְטוֹב שֶׁתִּהְיֶינָה סְגוּרוֹת (קכ"ה).
When the Kedusha [is said], you should be careful to join your feet so that both are together as if they were one foot, as it is written [of the angels who say Kedusha] "And their feet (plural) are a straight foot" (singular). When saying: Kadosh, kadosh, kadosh, also Baruch [kevod Hashem mimekomo], and Yimloch [Hashem leolam …] you should raise your body and heels upward. It is the custom to raise the eyes upward [during Kedusha], and preferrably they should be closed.
כְּשֶׁמַּגִּיעַ הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר לְמוֹדִים, מִשְׁתַּחֲוִים כָּל הַקָּהָל וְאוֹמְרִים מוֹדִים דְּרַבָּנָן, כֻּלוֹ בְּהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָה, וּמִי שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בִּתְפִלַּת שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה וְשׁוֹמֵעַ שֶׁהַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר הִגִּיעַ לְמוֹדִים, אִם הוּא עוֹמֵד בְּאֶמְצַע בְּרָכָה, מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה גַּם כֵּן. אֲבָל אִם עוֹמֵד בִּתְחִלַּת בְּרָכָה. אוֹ בְּסוֹף בְּרָכָה, לֹא יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה. מִשּׁוּם דְּאָסוּר לְהוֹסִיף הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיוֹת, בִּתְחִלַּת בְּרָכָה אוֹ בְּסוֹף בְּרָכָה, עַל אוֹתָן שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה, כְּדִלְעֵיל סִימָן י"ח סָעִיף י"א (ק"ט קכ"ז).
When the chazzan reaches [the berachah] modim, the entire congregation bows and says the entire modim derabanan in a bowed posture. If you are standing [in the midst of] the Shemoneh Esrei prayer and you hear the chazzan about to say modim, if you are in the midst of a berachah, you should also bow. But if you are at the beginning or end of a berachah, you should not bow, because it is prohibited to add bowings either at the beginning or end of a berachah besides those that were ordained by our Rabbis, of blessed memory. See chapter 18, paragraph 11.
קוֹדֶם שֶׁאוֹמֵר הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּור שִׂים שָׁלוֹם, אוֹמֵר אֱלֹהֵינוּ וֵאֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵינוּ. בָּרְכֵנוּ וְכוּ', וּכְשֶׁאוֹמֵר "וְיִשְׁמְרֶךָ" אוֹמְרִים הַקָּהָל כֵּן יְהִי רָצוֹן וְלֹא יֹאמְרוּ אָמֵן. וְכֵן כְּשֶׁאוֹמֵר וִיחֻנְךָ וְשָׁלוֹם. וְאֵין אוֹמְרִים אוֹתוֹ רַק בְּשַׁחֲרִית וּבְמוּסָף, וְלֹא בְּמִנְחָה. רַק בְתַעֲנִית צִבּוּר, שֶׁאוֹמְרִים גַּם בְּמִנְחָה שִׂים שָׁלוֹם, אָז אוֹמֵר הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר גַּם אֱלֹהֵינוּ וֵאלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵינוּ. וְאֵין אוֹמְרִים אוֹתוֹ בְּבֵית אָבֵל, וְלֹא בְּתִשְׁעָה בְּאָב בְּשַׁחֲרִית (קכ"א קכ"ז).
Before the chazzan starts [the berachah] Sim shalom, he says Elokeinu veilokei avoseinu barcheinu … when he reaches veyishmerecha, the congregation responds, Kein yehi ratzon and does not say Amein. The same applies when he reaches vichuneka and shalom. It [the Birchas Kohanim] is said only at Shacharis and Musaf prayers, but not at Minchah, with the exception of a communal fast day when we say Sim shalom at Minchah; then the chazzan also says: Elokeinu veilokei avoseinu …. It is not said [at the minyan] at the house of a mourner nor on Tisha Be'av at Shacharis.
לְאַחַר שֶׁגָּמַר הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר הַתְּפִלָּה, יֹאמַר בְּלַחַשׁ יִהְיוּ לְרָצוֹן וְגוֹ' אֲבָל לִפְסֹעַ גּ' פְּסִיעוֹת אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שֶׁסּוֹמֵךְ עַל הַפְּסִיעוֹת שֶׁבְּסוֹף הַקַּדִּישׁ שָׁלֵם. (קכ"ג).
After the chazzan completes the Shemoneh Esrei he should say quietly Yihyu leratzon … but he need not step back three paces because he may rely on the paces at the end of the full Kaddish.
בְּתַעֲנִית צִבּוּר וְיֵשׁ בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת עֲשָׂרָה שֶׁמִּתְעַנִּים וּמַשְׁלִימִים, אוֹמֵר הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר בְּשַׁחֲרִית וּבְמִנְחָה עֲנֵנוּ קדֶם רְפָאֵנוּ. וְאִם טָעָה וְלֹא אֲמָרוֹ, אִם נִזְכַּר קוֹדֶם שֶׁאָמַר אֵת הַשֵּׁם, מִן הַבְּרָכָה רוֹפֵא חוֹלֵי, חוֹזֵר וְאוֹמֵר עֲנֵנוּ וּרְפָאֵנוּ. אֲבָל לֹא נִזְכַּר עַד לְאַחַר שֶׁאָמַר אֵת הַשֵּׁם, גּוֹמֵר הַבְּרָכָה רוֹפֵא חוֹלֵי עַמּוֹ יִשְֹרָאֵל, וְאוֹמֵר עֲנֵנוּ בְּתוֹךְ בִּרְכַּת שׁוֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּה, וְחוֹתֵם שׁוֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּה כְּמוֹ יָחִיד. וְאִם שְׁכָחוֹ גַּם שָׁם, אוֹמְרוֹ לְאַחַר סִיּוּם הַתְּפִלָּה בְּלֹא חֲתִימָה.
If there are ten [men, a minyan], in the synagogue, on a communal fast day who are fasting and completing [the fast], the chazzan adds the prayer aneinu before Refa'einu at Shacharis and Minchah. If he erred and did not say it, if he realized [his omission] before he said "Hashem" of the berachah: Rofei cholei amo Yisrael, he goes back and says aneinu and [then] Refa'einu. But, if he did not realize [his omission] until after he said "Hashem," he completes the berachah Rofei cholei amo Yisrael, and says aneinu in the midst of the berachah Shomea tefillah, and closes the berachah [with] [Baruch atah Hashem] shomea tefillah, as would an individual. If he also forgot there, he adds it after completing Shemoneh Esrei but without a closing berachah.
אֵין אוֹמְרִים תְּפִלַּת שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה בְּקוֹל, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ לְכָל הַפָּחוֹת שִׁשָּׁה אֲנָשִׁים, שֶׁהֵם רֹב מִנְיָן שֶׁהִתְפַּלְּלוּ עַתָּה. אֲבָל אִם אֵין שִׁשָּׁה אֲנָשִׁים שֶׁהִתְפַּלְּלוּ עַתָּה, אֵין אוֹמְרִים כָּל הַשְּׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה בְּקוֹל, אֶלָּא אֶחָד אוֹמֵר עַד הָאֵל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בְּקוֹל, וְאוֹמְרִים קְדֻשָּׁה וְגוֹמֵר תְּפִלָּתוֹ בְּלַחַשׁ. (ס"ט)
We do not repeat the Shemoneh Esrei aloud, unless there are at least six men who constitute a majority of the minyan, who have finished praying. But, if there aren't six men who are now praying, we do not repeat the entire Shemoneh Esrei aloud. Instead, one [of those praying] says [from the beginning of Shemoneh Esrei] until Ha'el hakadosh aloud, and everyone says Kedusha, and [the one who said the berachos aloud] completes his Shemoneh Esrei quietly.
כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁהַיָּחִיד אִם טָעָה חוֹזֵר וּמִתְפַּלֵּל, כְּמוֹ כֵּן הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר בַּחֲזָרַת הַתְּפִלָּה, אִם טָעָה חוֹזֵר וּמִתְפַּלֵּל חוּץ מִשַּׁחֲרִית שֶׁל רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ וְחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד. שֶׁאִם שָׁכַח וְלֹא אָמַר יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא וְלֹא נִזְכַּר עַד שֶׁהִשְׁלִים תְּפִלָּתוֹ, אֵין מַחְזִירִין אוֹתוֹ, כִּי מִשּׁוּם טֹרַח הַצִּבּוּר, סַמְכִינָן עַל מַה שֶׁיַּזְכִּיר בִּתְפִלַּת הַמּוּסָף, אֲבָל אִם נִזְכַּר קוֹדֶם שֶׁהִשְׁלִים תְּפִלָּתוֹ, חוֹזֵר לִרְצֵה וְאֵין בָּזֶה טֹרַח הַצִּבּוּר (קכ"ו).
In all cases where the individual who erred goes back [and repeats] the Shemoneh Esrei, so too, if the chazzan erred in the repetition of Shemoneh Esrei, he must repeat the Shemoneh Esrei [aloud], except at Shacharis of Rosh Chodesh and Chol Hamoed. There [if the chazzan] forgot to say Yaaleh veyavo and did not realize it until he completed the [loud] Shemoneh Esrei, he does not go back, for since [it would result in] an imposition on the congregation, we rely on the reference [to Rosh Chodesh] [to be said] in the Musaf prayer. But if the chazzan realized [his omission] before he completed the Shemoneh Esrei, he goes back to [the berachah] Retzei as this [would not constitute] a burden on the congregation.
חִיּוּב עַל הָאָדָם לוֹמַר קְדֻשָּׁה עִם הַצִּבּוּר, וְגַם אָמֵן שֶׁלְּאַחַר הָאֵל הַקָּדוֹשׁ, וְשֶׁלְּאַחַר שׁוֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּה, הוּא גַּם כֵּן חִיּוּב כְּמוֹ קְדֻשָּׁה. וְכֵן הַקַּדִּישִׁים שֶׁאוֹמֵר הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, חִיּוּב הוּא לַעֲנֹת עֲלֵיהֶם. וְכֵן בְּמוֹדִים הוּא חִיּוּב לִשְׂחֹת עִם הַצִּבּוּר. וְלָכֵן אִם נִתְאַחֵר לָבֹא לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, בְּאֹפֶן שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל עִם הַצִּבּוּר. וְהוּא מֻכְרָח לְהִתְפַּלֵּל בִּיחִידוּת, אִם אֵין הַשָּׁעָה עוֹבֶרֶת, צָרִיךְ לְהַשְׁגִּיחַ שֶׁלֹּא יִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁיַּפְסִיד מִלַּעֲנֹת אֶחָד מִדְּבָרִים אֵלּוּ אֶלָּא יַמְתִּין עַד שֶׁיַּעֲנֶה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. אֲבָל אַל יַמְתִּין בֵּין גָּאַל יִשְֹרָאֵל לִתְפִלַּת שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, דְּהָא צָרִיךְ לְהַסְמִיךְ גְּאֻלָּה לַתְפִלָּה, וְאָסוּר לְהַפְסִיק בֵּינֵיהֶם, אֶלָּא יַמְתִּין קוֹדֶם שִׁירָה חֲדָשָׁה (וע"ש סִימָן ס"ט סָעִיף ז').
It is incumbent upon every man to say Kedusha together with the congregation; and also the Amein which is said after [the berachah] Ha'el Hakadosh and after [the berachah] Shomea tefillah. These Ameins are obligations equivalent to Kedusha. Likewise it is obligatory to respond to the kaddeishim which the chazzan says. Also [when the chazzan says] Modim you are obligated to bow together with the congregation. Therefore, if you were late in coming to the synagogue, having arrived too late to catch up and pray the Shemoneh Esrei together with the congregation and will perforce pray Shemoneh Esrei individually, if [by waiting still longer to start] the time for tefillah will not pass, you must be mindful not to begin praying Shemoneh Esrei at a time [which will cause you] to lose the opportunity of answering [Amein] to any of the above. Rather you should wait until you respond [Amein to them] and then start to pray Shemoneh Esrei. But, you should not wait between ga'al Yisrael and [the start of] Shemoneh Esrei, for you are required to connect "the Redemption" to the Shemoneh Esrei, and it is forbidden to interrupt between them. But you should [rather] wait [silently] before [saying] Shirah Chadashah.
יָחִיד הָעוֹמֵד בִּתְפִלַּת שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, וּכְשֶׁהוּא מְסַיֵּם מְחַיֵּה הַמֵּתִים, אוֹמְרִים הַצִּבּוּר קְדֻשַּׁת וּבָא לְצִיּוֹן, אוֹ קְדֻשַּׁת יוֹצֵר, אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר עִמָּהֶם קָדוֹשׁ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין הַקְּדֻשּׁוֹת שָׁווֹת, אֲבָל אִם הַצִּבּוּר אוֹמְרִים קְדֻשַּׁת מוּסָף, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מִתְפַּלֵּל שַׁחֲרִית, עוֹנֶה עִמָּהֶם קָדוֹשׁ וְכוּ', וְכֵן בְּהִפּוּךְ דִּקְדֻשַּׁת שַׁחֲרִית וּקְדֻשַּׁת מוּסָף שָׁווֹת הֵן (ק"ט).
An individual standing in [silent] Shemoneh Esrei, who completes the berachah, mechayei hameisim [as] the congregation is saying the Kedusha in Uva Letzion or the Kedusha [in the berachah] Yotzer or should not say kadosh, kadosh, kadosh, with them because these kedushos are not the same as the Kedusha of Shemoneh Esrei. But, if the congregation is saying the Kedusha of Musaf, though he is praying Shacharis, he says kadosh,kadosh, kadosh. along with them. The same [applies] in reverse, because the Kedusha of Shacharis and the Kedusha of Musaf are the same [kedusha].
Siman 21
כְּבָר נִתְבָּאַר בְּסִימָן י"ח שֶׁאִם עָבַר זְמַן תְּפִלָּה בְּמֵזִיד, אֵין לוֹ תַּשְׁלוּמִין אֲבָל אִם מֵחֲמַת שְׁגָגָה אוֹ אֹנֶס לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל, אוֹ שֶׁטָּעָה בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ בְּדָבָר שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַחְזֹר וּלְהִתְפַּלֵּל יָכוֹל לְהַשְׁלִימָהּ לְאַחַר תְּפִלָּה הַסְּמוּכָה לָהּ, וְצָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל דַּוְקָא תְּפִלָּה שֶׁהִיא זְמַנָּהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ תְּפִלַּת הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין, דְּהַיְנוּ אִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל שַׁחֲרִית, אֲזַי כְּשֶׁיַּגִּיעַ זְמַן תְּפִלַּת מִנְחָה, יִתְפַּלֵּל מִתְּחִלָּה, תְּפִלָּה לְשֵׁם מִנְחָה וְאוֹמֵר תַּחֲנוּן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מִיָּד אוֹמֵר אַשְׁרֵי, וּמִתְפַּלֵּל עוֹד שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה בִּשְׁבִיל שַׁחֲרִית. וְאִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל מִנְחָה, אֲזַי יִתְפַּלֵּל תְּחִלָּה עַרְבִית, וְיִשְׁהֶה רַק כְּדֵי הִלּוּךְ דּ' אַמּוֹת וְאֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר אַשְׁרֵי אֶלָּא מִיָּד יִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלַּת שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה בִּשְׁבִיל מִנְחָה, וְאִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית, אֲזַי לְאַחַר תְּפִלַּת שַׁחֲרִית, יֹאמַר תַּחֲנוּן וְאַשְׁרֵי, וְיִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלַּת שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה לְשֵׁם עַרְבִית וְאַחַר כָּךְ יֹאמַר לַמְנַצֵּחַ וּבָא לְצִיּוֹן וְכוּ', וְאָסוּר לוֹ לֶאֱכֹל עַד שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל גַּם תְּפִלָּה זוֹ, שֶׁהִיא לְשֵׁם עַרְבִית.
Preface:
The general rule is that omitting one of the prayers requires a make-up-prayer. This will compensate for having omitted a tefillah, but only where the omission occurred unwillingly (אוֹנֵס) or unintentionally (שׁוֹגֵג). But if one willfully and deliberately omitted a tefillah, there is no way to compensate. An important fact to keep in mind while studying this chapter: The compensation tefillah is performed by repeating the particular tefillah that is due at that time. For example, if at Maariv one compensates for an omitted Mincha, he does this by praying two Maariv Shemoneh Esrei's. Due to this, a number of unique situations arise: e. g. Omitting Mincha on Friday afternoon requires two Maariv Shemoneh Esreis on Friday night, both, being the Shabbos eve Shemoneh Esreis.This chapter discusses the form this compensation takes as well as what is considered deliberate and what is considered unintentional and unwilling.
It has already been explained (in Chapter Eighteen) that if [you allowed] the time of tefillah to pass intentionally, there is no compensation. But if [it was] unintentional, or due to something beyond your control, that you did not pray, or [if you did pray, but] erred in your tefillah in a way that requires that you repeat the tefillah, [then] you may compensate for it following the next tefillah. You must first pray the tefillah that is due at that time and [only] afterwards the make-up tefillah, for example: if you did not pray the Shacharis tefillah, then when the time for Minchah arrives, you first pray a tefillah for Minchah, followed by the Tachanun prayer, and immediately afterwards you should say Ashrei, and then pray another Shemoneh Esrei for the sake of [the omitted] Shacharis. [Similarly] if you omitted Minchah, then you should first say the Maariv prayer, and then pause only for the time it takes to walk four amos, do not say Ashrei, but, immediately, pray the Shemoneh Esrei prayer for the sake of [the omitted] Minchah. [Similarly] if you omitted Maariv, then after the Shacharis prayer you should say Tachanun and Ashrei, and [then] pray the Shemoneh Esrei prayer for the sake of Maariv. After that you should say Lamenatzeiach and Uva letzion, etc. You may not eat until you also complete the make-up tefillah, which is for the sake of Maariv.
The general rule is that omitting one of the prayers requires a make-up-prayer. This will compensate for having omitted a tefillah, but only where the omission occurred unwillingly (אוֹנֵס) or unintentionally (שׁוֹגֵג). But if one willfully and deliberately omitted a tefillah, there is no way to compensate. An important fact to keep in mind while studying this chapter: The compensation tefillah is performed by repeating the particular tefillah that is due at that time. For example, if at Maariv one compensates for an omitted Mincha, he does this by praying two Maariv Shemoneh Esrei's. Due to this, a number of unique situations arise: e. g. Omitting Mincha on Friday afternoon requires two Maariv Shemoneh Esreis on Friday night, both, being the Shabbos eve Shemoneh Esreis.This chapter discusses the form this compensation takes as well as what is considered deliberate and what is considered unintentional and unwilling.
It has already been explained (in Chapter Eighteen) that if [you allowed] the time of tefillah to pass intentionally, there is no compensation. But if [it was] unintentional, or due to something beyond your control, that you did not pray, or [if you did pray, but] erred in your tefillah in a way that requires that you repeat the tefillah, [then] you may compensate for it following the next tefillah. You must first pray the tefillah that is due at that time and [only] afterwards the make-up tefillah, for example: if you did not pray the Shacharis tefillah, then when the time for Minchah arrives, you first pray a tefillah for Minchah, followed by the Tachanun prayer, and immediately afterwards you should say Ashrei, and then pray another Shemoneh Esrei for the sake of [the omitted] Shacharis. [Similarly] if you omitted Minchah, then you should first say the Maariv prayer, and then pause only for the time it takes to walk four amos, do not say Ashrei, but, immediately, pray the Shemoneh Esrei prayer for the sake of [the omitted] Minchah. [Similarly] if you omitted Maariv, then after the Shacharis prayer you should say Tachanun and Ashrei, and [then] pray the Shemoneh Esrei prayer for the sake of Maariv. After that you should say Lamenatzeiach and Uva letzion, etc. You may not eat until you also complete the make-up tefillah, which is for the sake of Maariv.
אִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵל, בְּעוֹד שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ שָׁהוּת לְהִתְפַּלֵּל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיָה חוֹשֵׁב, שֶׁעֲדַיִן יִשָּׁאֵר לוֹ זְמַן, אַחַר שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אוֹתוֹ עֵסֶק שֶׁהוּא מִתְעַסֵּק בּוֹ, וּבֵין כָּךְ וְכָךְ עָבְרָה לוֹ הַשָּׁעָה, וְכֵן מִי שֶׁהָיָה טָרוּד לְצֹרֶךְ מָמוֹנוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹא לִידֵי הֶפְסֵד, וְעַל יְדֵי כֵּן הִפְסִיד זְמַן הַתְּפִלָּה, אַף עַל גַּב דְּאָסוּר לְהַעֲבִיר זְמַן תְּפִלָּה מִשּׁוּם הֶפְסֵד מָמוֹן מִכָּל מָקוֹם מִקְרֵי אֹנֶס, וְיֵשׁ לוֹ תַּשְׁלוּמִין. וְכֵן אִם מֵחֲמַת שִׁכְרוּת לֹא הָיָה רָאוּי לְהִתְפַּלֵּל, נֶחְשָׁב גַּם כֵּן כְּאֹנֶס אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִתְחִיל בְּאִסּוּר לִשְתֹּת, כְּשֶׁהִגִּיעַ זְמַן תְּפִלָּה.
If you did not pray when there was time to pray, because you thought that there would still be time after you finished whatever you were doing, but in the meantime the time [for prayer] passed; similarly, if you were preoccupied in business matters, in order to prevent a loss, and as a result the time for prayer passed, [then] despite the fact that it is prohibited to allow the time of prayer to pass [merely] to avoid a monetary loss, nevertheless, it is considered oneis, (an extreme situation) and you may make up the missed prayer. Similarly if as a result of intoxication you were not permitted to pray, you are considered an oneis, despite the fact that drinking is prohibited once the time for prayer has arrived.
אֵין תַּשְׁלוּמִין לַתְּפִלָּה, אֶלָּא בַּתְּפִלָּה הַסְּמוּכָה לָהּ. אֲבָל אִם נִתְאַחֵר יוֹתֵר, אֵין לָהּ עוֹד תַּשְׁלוּמִין כְּגוֹן אִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל לֹא שַׁחֲרִית וְלֹא מִנְחָה, אֲזַי מִנְחָה, יֵשׁ לָהּ תַּשְׁלוּמִין, לְאַחַר עַרְבִית הַסְּמוּכָה לָהּ, אֲבָל שַׁחֲרִית אֵין לָהּ תַּשְׁלוּמִין, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבַר שְׁתֵּי זְמַנֵּי תְפִלּוֹת שֶׁלֹּא הִתְפַּלֵּל, לֹא בִּזְמַנָּהּ וְלֹא בִּזְמַן מִנְחָה.
Compensation for [an omitted] prayer is valid only at the very next tefillah, but if the delay was greater, [compensation] is no longer possible. For example: if you did not pray Shacharis and Minchah, then compensation for Minchah is possible [immediately] after Maariv, but for Shacharis, compensation is not possible, since two periods of prayer have passed [and] you failed to pray [Shacharis], neither at its (Shacharis') designated time nor at the time of Minchah.
אַךְ בְּיוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ מוּסָף, אִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל שַׁחֲרִית, יָכוֹל לְהַשְׁלִימָהּ לְאַחַר מִנְחָה, (דְּכֵיוָן דִּזְמַן תְּפִלַּת מוּסָף, בְּדִיעֲבַד עַד הַלַּיְלָה, כְּמוֹ מִנְחָה אִם כֵּן לֹא עָבַר שְׁתֵּי זְמַנֵּי תְּפִלּוֹת) וּלְאַחַר תְּפִלַּת מוּסָף, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַשְׁלִים תְּפִלַּת שַחֲרִית, (דְּכֵיוָן שֶׁמַּזְכִּיר בָּהּ קָרְבַּן מוּסָף, אֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה שֶׁתַּעֲלֶה לִתְפִלַּת שַׁחֲרִית. פְּרִי מְגָדִים סִימָן ק"ח, אַבְרָהָם סָעִיף קָטָן ו'). אַךְ עִם עֲדַיִן לֹא עָבַר זְמַן תְּפִלַּת שַׁחֲרִית, יָכוֹל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל שַׁחֲרִית, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּבָר הִתְפַּלֵּל מוּסָף.
However, on a day when there is an additional Musaf prayer, if you omitted Shacharis [unintentionally], you may compensate for it after the Minchah prayer, (because the period for Musaf extends, as a last resort, until nightfall as does [the period] for Minchah; as a result, two periods of tefillah have not passed). But, after the Musaf prayer you may not compensate for [the omitted] Shacharis, (because having already mentioned the Musaf sacrifice, it is inappropriate as a make up for the Shacharis prayer). But, if the Shacharis period has not yet passed, you may still pray the Shacharis prayer despite already having prayed Musaf.
אֵין תַּשְׁלוּמִין לַתְּפִלָּה שֶׁהִפְסִיד, אֶלָּא בִּזְמַן תְּפִלָּה הַסְּמוּכָה לָהּ. אֲבָל לֹא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ זְמַן תְּפִלָּה, כְּגוֹן אִם שָׁהָה הַרְבֵּה, אַחַר שֶׁהִתְפַּלֵּל הַתְּפִלָּה שֶׁהִיא חוֹבַת שָׁעָה, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל עוֹד, תַּשְׁלוּמֵי תְּפִלָּה שֶׁהִפְסִיד, לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא תִקְּנוּ תַּשְׁלוּמִין לַתְּפִלָּה שֶׁהִפְסִיד, אֶלָּא בִּזְּמַן שֶׁהוּא עוֹסֵק בַּתְּפִלָּה שֶׁהִיא חוֹבַת שָׁעָה, שֶׁאָז כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא עוֹסֵק בַּתְּפִלָּה שֶׁהִיא חוֹבַת שָׁעָה, הוּא מַשְׁלִים גַּם כֵּן מַה שֶׁחָסֵר (ק"ח).
The omitted tefillah can be made up only at the time of the next tefillah, but not after the time of the next tefillah. For example: if much time has elapsed since you prayed the tefillah which was due at that time, you can no longer pray the compensatory tefillah for the one omitted, because [the Sages] instituted compensation for the omitted tefillah only at the time you are occupied with the prayer due then, because [only] while being occupied with prayers can you also make up [for] what you missed.
תְּפִלַּת הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין שֶׁהוּא מִתְפַּלֵּל, חַיָּב לְהִתְפַּלֵּל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא מִתְפַּלֵּל אָז תְּפִלַּת הַחוֹבָה, כְּגוֹן אִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל מִנְחָה בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, מִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁל שַׁבָּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַשְּׁנִיָּה בָּאָה לְתַשְׁלוּם תְּפִלַּת חֹל, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעַתָּה הוּא שַׁבָּת, מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁל שַׁבָּת. וְאִם הִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁל חֹל, חוֹזֵר וּמִתְפַּלֵּל, וְכֵן בְּעֶרֶב רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ אִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל מִנְחָה מִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית שְׁתַּיִם, וְאוֹמֵר בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא. וְאִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, שֶׁמִּתְפַּלֵּל שַחֲרִית שְׁתַּיִם, אִם שָׁכַח יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא אֲפִלּוּ בַּשְּׁנִיָּה חוֹזֵר וּמִתְפַּלֵּל, (אַף עַל גַּב דְתַשְׁלוּמִין הַלַּיְלָה הִיא, וְאָז לֹא הָיָה חוֹזֵר, מִכָּל מָקוֹם הַשְׁתָּא יְמָמָא הוּא), וּבְשַׁבָּת אִם לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל מִנְחָה, מִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית גַּם כֵּן שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁל חֹל, אֶלָּא שֶׁיֵּשׁ חִלּוּק בְּאַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה אוֹמֵר אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ, וּבַשְּׁנִיָּה אֵינוֹ אוֹמְרוֹ. וְהַטַּעַם בָּזֶה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ הוּא כְּמוֹ הַבְדָּלָה, וְאֵין מַבְדִּילִין בּ' פְּעָמִים בַּתְּפִלָּה, וְהוּא הַדִּין לְהֵפֶךְ, אִם שָׁכַח עַרְבִית בְּמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת. מִתְפַּלֵּל שַׁחֲרִית שְׁתַּיִם, וְאוֹמֵר בִּתְפִלַּת הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ, לְפִי שֶׁמֵּעִקַּר הַתַּקָּנָה, צָרִיךְ לְהַבְדִּיל בַּתְּפִלָּה (ק"ח רצ"ד).
The make-up tefillah that you pray must be the same as the tefillah that is due at that time. For example, if you omitted Mincha on Friday afternoon, [then] you pray two Shabbos-Maariv tefillos at Maariv, notwithstanding the fact that the second tefillah comes as compensation for a weekday tefillah, nevertheless, since now (at the time of the make-up tefillah) it is Shabbos, you pray a Shabbos tefillah. If [being ignorant of the above halachah] you said a weekday tefillah as compensation you must repeat [the Shabbos] Shemoneh Esrei. Similarly, on the day preceeding Rosh Chodesh, if you omitted Minchah [then] you pray two Maariv Shemoneh Esreis and at both you say Ya'aleh ve'yavo. If you omitted Maariv on Rosh Chodesh, requiring you to pray two Shacharis tefillos, and if you inadvertently omitted Ya'aleh ve'yavo even during the second [Shemoneh Esrei] you must repeat the Shemoneh Esrei; (despite the fact that it is compensation for the night and, then, [had you omitted Ya'aleh ve'yavo] you were not required to repeat [the tefillah], nevertheless, now it is day.) If you omitted Minchah, on Shabbos here, too, you pray two weekday [Shemoneh Esreis] at Maariv. However [in this case] there is a difference [regarding] the Atah Chonantanu prayer. In the first Shemoneh Esrei you should say Atash Chonantanu, but in the second prayer, you do not say it. The reason for this is since Atah Chonantanu is like the Havadlah blessing, and Havdalah is not said twice in tefillah. The same applies in the opposite situation: If you omitted Maariv at the conclusion of Shabbos, [then,] you pray two Shacharis Shemoneh Esreis and during the make-up prayer say Atah Chonantanu, because originally it was instituted that Havdalah be said during Shemoneh Esrei.
טָעָה בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ בְּמִנְחָה, וְלֹא אָמַר יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא, וּלְמָחָר אֵינוֹ רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, אִם כֵּן אַף אִם יִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית שְׁתַּיִם, לֹא יַרְוִיחַ כְּלוּם, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לוֹמַר עוֹד יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא, וּבְלֹא יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא, הֲרֵי כְּבָר הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל כֵּן אֵינוֹ מִתְפַּלֵּל כְּלָל לְתַשְׁלוּמִין.
If you erred at Minchah on Rosh Chodesh by omitting Ya'aleh ve'yavo, and the following day it is not Rosh Chodesh, and as a result, even if you pray two [Shemoneh Esreis] at Maariv, you will gain nothing, since you can no longer say Ya'aleh ve'yavo, and you already prayed once without Ya'aleh ve'yavo, therefore, you do not pray a make-up tefillah at all.
תְּפִלַּת מוּסָף, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁזְּמַנָּהּ כָּל הַיּוֹם, וְאִם כֵּן הֲוֵי מַעֲרִיב תְּפִלָּה הַסְּמוּכָה לָהּ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם אֵין לָהּ תַּשְׁלוּמִין בַּלַּיְלָה, מִשּׁוּם דִּתְפִלַּת מוּסָף נִתְקְנָה מִשּׁוּם וּנְשַׁלְּמָה פָּרִים שְׂפָתֵינוּ וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָבַר זְמַנּוֹ בָּטֵל קָרְבָּנוֹ.
Regarding the Musaf prayer—although its time period is the entire day (till nightfall), thereby making Maariv the next tefillah, nevertheless it [musaf] cannot be compensated at night, because the musaf prayer was instituted based on the verse. "Let the offerings of our lips replace bullocks," and once the time has passed the sacrifice can no longer be brought.
מִי שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל שַׁחֲרִית שְׁתַּיִם, אוֹ מִנְחָה שְׁתַּיִם, אִם הוּא שְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, יוֹצֵא בְּמַה שֶּׁהוּא חוֹזֵר אֵת הַתְּפִלָּה בְּקוֹל רָם.
If you require two Shacharis tefillos or two Minchah tefillos, and you are the chazzan, you fulfill your obligation with the repeating of Shemoneh Esrei aloud.
מִי שֶׁנִּסְתַּפֵּק לוֹ אִם הִתְפַּלֵּל אוֹ לֹא, בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה (שֶׁאֵין מִתְפַּלְּלִין בִּנְדָבָה), אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר וּמִתְפַּלֵּל (סִימָן ק"ז ק"ח).
If you are in doubt as to whether or not you prayed, in our time (since a voluntary Shemoneh Esrei is not said) you do not repeat the tefillah.
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Ariel your Representee, | אריאל הנציג שלך, נציג אפרים ויועץ (לא רב אלא יועץ ידידותי) של בית ישראל הבינלאומי בהר הבית ולכל עם ישראל. נולדתי בהולנד והפכתי בגיל מאוחר יותר לבעל תשובה: במקור, המונח התייחס ליהודי שעבר על ההלכה ביודעין או שלא ביודעין והשלים תהליך של התבוננות פנימית כדי "לחזור" לקיום המצוות המלא. של מצוות אלוהים. לקרוא |
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